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editing essay task 1 unit 16(Lyndon)

In this report I shall critically evaluate the history, development and pioneers of editing. To do this I will explain the contribution to the history of editing from Porter and Griffiths, cover the work of a famous editor and analyse a clip in terms of editing techniques. It is hoped that what I’ve learned will improved my own editing techniques.

Part 1

D.W Griffiths was an American film director, writer and producer who pioneered modern filmmaking techniques.  He was the first great film maker to understand the physiological importance of editing, D.W Griffiths invented and popularised techniques that established the basic grammar of film, his melodramas were the first to draw audiences into the emotional world of his characters. He was the first man to use the close up in certain ways. As well as that he established the tendency of classical film editing which relied on the invisible cut where action would be confused with fluid movement  where the goal was for the audience wouldn’t notice the cut and forget that they were watching a movie this was called the invisible craft however this kept editors invisible and unappreciated.  D.W Griffiths influenced film making by his unique styles and techniques that captured the audience’s attention. D.W. Griffith screened his films for the urban working-class as well as for presidents at the white house his films became a part of history in the making-unleashing the power of movies as a catalyst for social change. Griffiths used extreme and dramatic camera angles and complexly interweaved edits on his visuals.

Edwin S. Porter was an American film pioneer, most famous as a producer, director, studio manager and cinematographer with the Edison manufacturing company. Porter’s films gave rise of the codification of genre which initiated auteur cinema, by using his innovative use of dissolves, gradual transition and cross-cutting he pioneered the use of continuity editing that was mostly easily assimilated by the audience. He was skilled in taking ideas that existed and developed them by reworking themes or techniques. His films however contained cinematic and narrative elements but were theatrical with focus on the idea of dreams and visions which were very popular at the time. Porter’s role in the development of narrative cinema is even, through his reworking of contemporary themes and texts, his use of editing and pioneering in the work in the western genre and filmmaker as auteur, he still retains a place in history as one of the most influential filmmakers.

Part 2

Alfred Hitchcock is an English film director and producer he is referred to as ‘’the master of suspense’’. He pioneered elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres. Hitchcock blended sex, suspense and humour in his work. His reputation as the ‘master of suspense’ was far in the future but during his early years he was known for the visual creativity of his film. Hitchcock’s silent films were striking those critics referred to the visual dramatic sequences that distinguished his work. Filmmakers have attempted to use Hitchcock’s techniques would normally overlook the comedy aspect which a vital as it was a component with his work, Hitchcock said that ‘humour does not diminish the effectiveness of dramatic suspense’. He found a way to make his suspense unbearably fun for his audiences through his quirky characters, ironic situations, settings and a complex balance of laughs and tension. Till this present day Hitchcock is seen as a director who combined art and entertainment in rare ways compared to other directors who have tried. Hitchcock started the trend called ‘the camera is not a camera’ this is where the camera should take on human qualities this allows the audience to feel as if they are involved in uncovering the story because the camera is able to roam around the room instead of being in the same position and angle being stiff.

Part 3

Hitchcock was known as ‘the master of suspense’, he also managed to balance tension and horror. In his famous movie psycho which did become Hitchcock’s most rated film as it was a crowd pleaser as he was a critically acclaimed as a master filmmaker, Hitchcock uses a variation of long shots with the camera without sound which makes It effective in creating suspense to the audience, there are also subjective shots such as subjective close up shots this perspective narrows the view of the audience inviting them into the mind of the characters. The music used in the movie is innovative and effective this sets the audience on edge because the intensity of the music is parallel with the movements, this becomes nerve-wracking for the audience as there are scenes where suspense is built. As the film was in black and white this contributes to the tone of the film because some objects create contracts while focusing on the audience’s attention which is where the director is interested in. Hitchcock intended for his film to be a tongue in cheek and a dark comedy he then became horrified that the audience were disturbed by the film.

In conclusion Edwin S. Porter and D.W Griffiths both had different techniques used in their films, porter’s films contained cinematic and narrative elements however they were theatrical with focus on the idea of dreams and visions which were very popular at the time, his use of editing and pioneering in the work in the western genre and filmmaker as auteur. However, Griffiths was a film maker to understand the physiological importance of editing, he established the tendency of classical film editing which had relied on the invisible cut where action would be confused with fluid movement in order to achieve this the goal was that the audience wouldn’t notice the cut and forget that they were watching a movie, this was called the invisible craft. Both editors had their own different styles of editing and ended up influencing other directors and editors as some of their methods and techniques are used till this day in modern films.

Understanding issues relating to factual programming for television essay

In this I shall attempt to understand issues relating to factual programming for television. To do this I shall firstly offer a definition of factual programming, then some of the genres involved. Then, I shall analyse up to three different types of factual programmes and consider issues surrounding them. It is hoped that this will further my understanding of factual programming.

The various issues relating to factual programming which may include accuracy, balance, impartiality, objectivity or subjectivity, opinion, representation, access, privacy and contract with the viewer.

 Accuracy is important in a factual programme as it enables the audience to have trust and believe that what you are producing is the truth this allows you to keep as well as please the audience as they prefer having to read or watch something with straight up facts than something that may or may not be true. Balance in a factual programme means that you are able to keep the programme fair to both sides of the topic discussed as there are always two sides of a story meaning the information should be fair and equally correct. It is important to make sure that both sides are kept balanced on views and investigation. Impartiality means to view both sides and opinions equally meaning that you cannot take sides as well as make your own personal judgement, in order to do this you must gather relevant arguments and present them in a way where they don’t seem biased. Objectivity is being able to see the whole truth using facts and evidence while being able to be fair meaning that you must be able to show fair views from both sides of an argument. Subjectivity is avoided during factual programmes as it can prevent facts from being used and may result in the programme being slightly biased towards any views. Opinion is when the producer decides to get people’s opinions in order to show the viewer what member of the public may think is important so that they can choose a wide variety of people. Bias is important in a factual programme as it needs to have different opinions, views and facts and focuses on both concepts, it is important that the programme sticks to the correct information and not make statements that support one side of the argument.

Factual programmes is a genre of non-fiction programming that enables you to document actual events and people, they are also known as documentaries, Factual programmes represent one of the largest sectors of both television and radio production. The two programmes I will be analysing are Biggie & Tupac and supersize me. In the biggie & Tupac programme there are some elements of accuracy when the members of both Biggie and Tupac’s family were speaking about their characteristics and describing previous events that may have happened before both murders, the audience may have believed this due to the    fact that they knew what was happening on the inside compared to members of the public. Where as in supersize me there was more accuracy due to the fact that what was being said and shown was true as it was mostly common sense that if you do not diet well then there will be health risks as well as that there were facts being provided from scientists and doctors that make the audience seem as if they are correct, however the presenter sometimes may have exaggerated things in order to make it seem bad which made him biased towards fast food. There doesn’t seem to be much balance in biggie and Tupac as most of what is being said were opinions and theories rather than straight up facts as well as the fact that they mostly spoke good about biggie than they did of Tupac initiating that Tupac was more into the gangster world and somehow may have been killed due to what he was involved in where as when speaking about biggie they showed his mother and family speaking well about him and is music. In supersize me there was more balance as there were facts as well as opinions that the presenter may have given this was useful as the programme remained neutral.

 There was objectivity used in biggie and Tupac when giving out facts and some evidence that the police may have shown however that evidence did not help catch and finalise who the actual killer was for both of the cases. In the programme supersize me there was also use of objectivity where the producer showed statistics and evidence that proved eating fast food is unhealthy even though some of the facts are may not be enjoyable or make you feel good they are still the truth.  There is more bias shown on biggie and Tupac as the evidence and facts given were not 100% as well as the fact that they arrested people for the killings but were not entirely sure that they had the right person. However in supersize me they use facts and statistics on how unhealthy fast food can be these are the facts that make up the show, but they only end up focusing on just how unhealthy food is and neglecting some benefits it may have. Biggie and Tupac was seen to represent more of the hip hop music aspect where they spoke about their work changed music now and how much hip hop and gangs had changed, where as in supersize me they represented McDonalds and other fast food services more as they were trying to exploit the companies for selling food that causes health issues. In supersize me there was unlimited access and less privacy even during appointments and access to scientists and doctors as they were trying to warn people of the risks, however in biggie and Tupac there was limited access and more privacy as the investigation at the time was still going on, there was a scene where the presenter walked into a barber and got laughed at and when he started to ask questions about the cases no one spoke and instead started mimicking and laughing and him this could be because people were afraid to speak and the fact that they found it astonishing that a middle class white man was asking questions where as if it was a black man they would have given him more access.

fashion photography mindmap task 3

large depth of field

 depth of field

for this method of photography I used a camera with settings on manual, the ISO was on 400, the aperture was on 4.5 

unit 57: what is the difference between a photo essay and a series of images?

What is the difference between a photo essay and a series of images?

A photo story is either a set or series of photographs that are made to create a series of emotions in the viewer the images are placed in a specific order to tell the progression of events, emotions and concepts, a photo essay often shows in deep emotion stages which range purely photographic works to photographs with small captions or comments to illustrate the photographs however, a photo story does not necessarily have a beginning, middle and ending. Examples of photo essays include an articles in a publication, a book or other complete publication, a web page o portion of a website, a single montage or collage of photographic images with text intended to be viewed both as a whole and as individual photographs (which may fall in the category of mixed media) in fashion publications especially a photo-editorial. A series of images allows the photographer to tell a meaningful story through images in an organic way, this does not require a specific type of shooting however the images must make sense when put together in order for the story to make sense this is why in order to make a series of photos there has to be a plan.

tones/balance

watch out for distractions in the background

shapes and symmetry

depth of field

a young girl at college during her break she is interacting with her friends and getting a drink swell as her going back to college.